Uganda landmark trials dominated national attention in 2025 as courts handled major constitutional rulings, delayed murder cases, and politically sensitive prosecutions. These cases placed the judiciary at the centre of debate on constitutionalism, accountability, and civil liberties, while shaping how citizens viewed the justice system.
Throughout the year, judges worked under intense scrutiny. As a result, court decisions tested institutional independence and the limits of state power in a politically charged environment.
Supreme Court Halts Civilian Trials in Military Courts
The year opened with a defining Supreme Court ruling. On January 31, the court held that military courts have no jurisdiction to try civilians. Judges ruled that such trials violate constitutional guarantees of fair hearing and judicial independence.
The decision immediately halted civilian cases before military courts. Authorities were ordered to transfer all affected matters to civilian courts, altering the course of several ongoing prosecutions.
Political Cases Shift to Civilian Courts
Following the ruling, politically sensitive cases previously handled by military tribunals moved to civilian courts. This transition marked a major procedural shift for opposition-linked prosecutions.
The decision clarified long-standing constitutional questions. It also strengthened protections for civilians facing charges linked to public order and national security.
Dr Kizza Besigye Treason Case
Public attention soon turned to the treason case against Dr Kizza Besigye. His prosecution proceeded fully before a civilian court after the Supreme Court ruling.
Despite multiple bail applications, the court denied his release throughout the year. By the end of 2025, he had spent more than a year on remand, fueling debate on prolonged pre-trial detention.
Joan Kagezi Murder Trial Breakthrough
One of the most significant criminal developments involved the murder of former prosecutor Joan Kagezi. Nearly ten years after her killing, the trial finally progressed.
A former UPDF deserter pleaded guilty and received a 35-year prison sentence. Following the plea, authorities arrested senior police officers accused of involvement in the crime.
Domestic Homicide Case Shocks Public
Another case that drew widespread attention involved Jolin Kanocheri Rugari. Prosecutors charged her with the murder of her young son in Kampala.
Medical evidence showed the child died from asphyxia. These findings contradicted earlier claims of an accidental fall and strengthened the prosecution’s case.
Fraud Allegations Against Senior Officials
Accountability cases also featured prominently during the year. Former trade ministry permanent secretary Geraldine Ssali faced charges over Shs3.8 billion meant for war loss compensation.
However, proceedings stalled after a constitutional application raised human rights concerns. The court paused the trial pending determination of the petition.
Legal Profession Faces Unprecedented Action
The legal fraternity was not spared controversy. Courts issued an international arrest warrant against Uganda Law Society president Isaac Semakadde.
Convicted of contempt of court in absentia, his case raised questions about enforcing custodial sentences beyond Uganda’s borders and accountability within the profession.
International Justice and ICC Ruling
At the international level, Uganda landmark trials extended beyond domestic courts. The International Criminal Court confirmed 39 charges against Joseph Kony in absentia.
The ruling marked the first time the ICC confirmed charges without a suspect in custody. It reaffirmed accountability for atrocities committed during the LRA insurgency.
Katanga Murder Case Nears Decision
The year closed with developments in the murder case of businessman Henry Katanga. Prosecutors closed their case after presenting 25 witnesses.
The defence applied for a no-case-to-answer ruling. The court is expected to decide whether the accused will be put on their defence.
A Justice System Under Pressure
Taken together, Uganda landmark trials in 2025 reflected a justice system under pressure yet increasingly assertive. Constitutional rulings, revived prosecutions, and international accountability efforts reshaped the legal landscape.
